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Local experiment

Astrometry, photometry and comet identification

Field solution

Anonymous nova.astrometry.net submission 15971470, job 16807011, solved the calibrated star-aligned median. The service detected 182 sources.

52.4336″/px plate scale
13:05:57.0 ICRS centre RA
-25:27:44 ICRS centre Dec
151.069° orientation

Field size: 5.768° × 6.875°. RA ticks use round five-minute sexagesimal values; Dec ticks use whole degrees. The angular reference bar remains one degree.

WCS-scaled common-area videos

Star-centred

The stationary ICRS overlay uses 50%-strength yellow RA lines and orange Dec lines. Tick marks are omitted; coordinate labels sit closely outside the frame.

Object-centred

The same coloured grid and outside labels move with the star field while the moving object remains centred.

Identified stars

The Gaia plot now uses exactly the same top, bottom, left and right image orientation as the star-centred video. It carries the same faint ICRS RA/Dec grid, with RA labelled sexagesimally. The local extractor found 668 image sources. Gaia DR3 supplied 8796 sources with G < 13.5 in the query cone; 272 isolated, unsaturated matches passed the 1.5-pixel positional test. Their spectral classes are approximate classes derived from Gaia effective temperature, falling back to BP−RP colour. Twelve bright stars additionally have catalogue names and measured spectral types from SIMBAD.

WCS star chart in the same orientation as the video, with Gaia matches coloured by spectral class

Bright SIMBAD identifications

Identifier Spectral type V mag B mag VT mag Match ″
HD 114576 A5V 6.500 6.690 6.518 0.58
HD 114993 F0V 6.680 6.960 6.718 0.59
HD 113203 K3III 6.660 8.180 6.843 0.37
HD 114098 K1III 6.690 7.810 6.812 1.13
V* LN Hya F3Ia 8.697 9.104 6.823 0.20
HD 115998 K5/M0III 6.890 8.570 7.103 0.26
HD 112403 K4III 8.890 9.670 7.280 0.55
HD 113481 A2V 7.280 7.390 7.294 0.55
HD 112603 F2V 6.950 7.280 6.990 1.01
* gam Hya G8IIIa 3.000 3.920 3.078 0.66
* psi Hya K0III 4.934 5.980 5.050 0.33
V* MO Hya F0VkA1mA1_lB 6.141 6.358 6.169 0.93

Photometric difference calibration

The selected five-fold model is:

G_cal = +22.675178 +1.817510·m_inst +0.206473·(BP−RP) -0.102648·(BP−RP)²

0.563 mag MAE before
0.407 mag MAE after
27.7% training MAE reduction
0.414 mag five-fold MAE

This is a calibration of the processed 8-bit video response against Gaia G, not scientific absolute photometry. Blending at 52″/pixel, saturation, colour response and video tone mapping limit the result.

Before

Spatial photometric residual heatmap before calibration

After tone and colour model

Spatial photometric residual heatmap after calibration

Comet identification from Solar Orbiter

A two-body prefilter propagated all 4075 JPL SBDB comet records across 10 September–23 October 2025 from the changing Solar Orbiter position. Exact JPL Horizons observer ephemerides then tested the K1 components and the strongest alternatives.

Preferred: C/2025 K1 (ATLAS)

The fitted sequence runs from 2025-10-01T06:04:12.758502Z to 2025-10-01T14:35:34.356473Z, with a reconstructed cadence of 547.9 s per source image. The middle image is 2025-10-01T10:19:53.557487Z. The radial WCS/ephemeris RMS is 46.4″ (0.88 px), giving an approximate timing uncertainty of ±11.6 min.

The filename date 2026-03-01 is therefore not treated as the acquisition date. The fitted object is C/2025 K1, not a C/2026 K1 designation. Video playback FPS is unrelated to the reconstructed image cadence.

K1 component fits

Candidate RMS ″ Cadence s Fitted middle UTC
C/2025 K1 (ATLAS) 46.4 547.9 2025-10-01T10:19:53.557487Z
C/2025 K1-B (ATLAS) 55.4 549.3 2025-10-01T08:13:27.306017Z
C/2025 K1-C (ATLAS) 60.5 547.7 2025-10-01T10:52:13.908760Z
C/2025 K1-D (ATLAS) 84.1 549.8 2025-10-01T07:30:57.159853Z

Other exact checks

Candidate Closest field separation ° Apparent mag Closest time Motion agrees
294P/LINEAR 0.575 18.907 2025-09-17T06:00:00Z no
102P/Shoemaker 1 3.523 24.016 2025-10-24T00:00:00Z no

Solar Orbiter trajectory

Solar Orbiter heliocentric trajectory from JPL Horizons

Observer coordinates

JPL Horizons spacecraft ID: −144.

At the inferred observation (2025-10-01 10:00 TDB):

x=0.42767990, y=-0.03597806, z=0.05207768 AU

Current query (2026-09-03 00:00 TDB):

x=0.42082621, y=-0.04730238, z=0.04916347 AU

Coordinates are heliocentric J2000 ecliptic vectors.

Object astrometry in OBS80 coordinates

Show all 57 frame positions, 57 spacecraft lines and the 80-column preview

Coordinates are J2000/ICRS. Display precision follows the measured fit uncertainty: date to 0.001 day with σ ≈ 0.008 day (±12 min), RA to 1 second of time with σ ≈ 3.4 s, and Dec to 1 arcsecond with radial σ ≈ 46″. The uncertainty is shown explicitly beside every date, RA and Dec value. These are reconstructed frame times, not timestamps read from the source file. The total comet magnitude is queried from Horizons for every frame and written as band T in the OBS80 observation line.

Every uppercase S observation line is now followed by its lowercase s spacecraft line. The vector is Solar Orbiter (JPL Horizons target −144) relative to the Earth geocentre (500@399), geometric ICRF/equatorial, in AU; therefore column 33 contains parallax type 2.

The coordinate pairs are still a preview, not submission-ready MPC astrometry. OBS80 cannot carry the estimated per-record uncertainty, the acquisition times are reconstructed, and no MPC observatory code for Solar Orbiter has been verified. The placeholder station code XXX is deliberately invalid so the file cannot be mistaken for a submission.

Frame Date UTC σ date RA h:m:s σ RA Dec d:m:s σ Dec Mag
1 2025 10 01.253 ±0.008 d 13 00 16 ±3.4 s -24 12 52 ±46″ 11.63 T
2 2025 10 01.259 ±0.008 d 13 00 13 ±3.4 s -24 12 48 ±46″ 11.63 T
3 2025 10 01.266 ±0.008 d 13 00 10 ±3.4 s -24 12 44 ±46″ 11.63 T
4 2025 10 01.272 ±0.008 d 13 00 07 ±3.4 s -24 12 40 ±46″ 11.63 T
5 2025 10 01.278 ±0.008 d 13 00 04 ±3.4 s -24 12 36 ±46″ 11.63 T
6 2025 10 01.285 ±0.008 d 13 00 01 ±3.4 s -24 12 32 ±46″ 11.63 T
7 2025 10 01.291 ±0.008 d 12 59 58 ±3.4 s -24 12 28 ±46″ 11.63 T
8 2025 10 01.297 ±0.008 d 12 59 55 ±3.4 s -24 12 24 ±46″ 11.63 T
9 2025 10 01.304 ±0.008 d 12 59 52 ±3.4 s -24 12 20 ±46″ 11.63 T
10 2025 10 01.310 ±0.008 d 12 59 49 ±3.4 s -24 12 16 ±46″ 11.63 T
11 2025 10 01.316 ±0.008 d 12 59 47 ±3.4 s -24 12 12 ±46″ 11.63 T
12 2025 10 01.323 ±0.008 d 12 59 44 ±3.4 s -24 12 08 ±46″ 11.63 T
13 2025 10 01.329 ±0.008 d 12 59 41 ±3.4 s -24 12 04 ±46″ 11.63 T
14 2025 10 01.335 ±0.008 d 12 59 38 ±3.4 s -24 12 00 ±46″ 11.63 T
15 2025 10 01.342 ±0.008 d 12 59 35 ±3.4 s -24 11 56 ±46″ 11.63 T
16 2025 10 01.348 ±0.008 d 12 59 32 ±3.4 s -24 11 52 ±46″ 11.63 T
17 2025 10 01.354 ±0.008 d 12 59 29 ±3.4 s -24 11 48 ±46″ 11.63 T
18 2025 10 01.361 ±0.008 d 12 59 26 ±3.4 s -24 11 44 ±46″ 11.63 T
19 2025 10 01.367 ±0.008 d 12 59 23 ±3.4 s -24 11 40 ±46″ 11.63 T
20 2025 10 01.373 ±0.008 d 12 59 20 ±3.4 s -24 11 36 ±46″ 11.63 T
21 2025 10 01.380 ±0.008 d 12 59 18 ±3.4 s -24 11 32 ±46″ 11.63 T
22 2025 10 01.386 ±0.008 d 12 59 15 ±3.4 s -24 11 28 ±46″ 11.63 T
23 2025 10 01.392 ±0.008 d 12 59 12 ±3.4 s -24 11 23 ±46″ 11.63 T
24 2025 10 01.399 ±0.008 d 12 59 09 ±3.4 s -24 11 19 ±46″ 11.63 T
25 2025 10 01.405 ±0.008 d 12 59 06 ±3.4 s -24 11 15 ±46″ 11.63 T
26 2025 10 01.411 ±0.008 d 12 59 03 ±3.4 s -24 11 11 ±46″ 11.63 T
27 2025 10 01.418 ±0.008 d 12 59 00 ±3.4 s -24 11 07 ±46″ 11.63 T
28 2025 10 01.424 ±0.008 d 12 58 57 ±3.4 s -24 11 03 ±46″ 11.63 T
29 2025 10 01.430 ±0.008 d 12 58 54 ±3.4 s -24 10 59 ±46″ 11.63 T
30 2025 10 01.437 ±0.008 d 12 58 51 ±3.4 s -24 10 55 ±46″ 11.63 T
31 2025 10 01.443 ±0.008 d 12 58 48 ±3.4 s -24 10 51 ±46″ 11.63 T
32 2025 10 01.450 ±0.008 d 12 58 46 ±3.4 s -24 10 47 ±46″ 11.63 T
33 2025 10 01.456 ±0.008 d 12 58 43 ±3.4 s -24 10 43 ±46″ 11.63 T
34 2025 10 01.462 ±0.008 d 12 58 40 ±3.4 s -24 10 38 ±46″ 11.63 T
35 2025 10 01.469 ±0.008 d 12 58 37 ±3.4 s -24 10 34 ±46″ 11.63 T
36 2025 10 01.475 ±0.008 d 12 58 34 ±3.4 s -24 10 30 ±46″ 11.63 T
37 2025 10 01.481 ±0.008 d 12 58 31 ±3.4 s -24 10 26 ±46″ 11.63 T
38 2025 10 01.488 ±0.008 d 12 58 28 ±3.4 s -24 10 22 ±46″ 11.63 T
39 2025 10 01.494 ±0.008 d 12 58 25 ±3.4 s -24 10 18 ±46″ 11.63 T
40 2025 10 01.500 ±0.008 d 12 58 22 ±3.4 s -24 10 14 ±46″ 11.63 T
41 2025 10 01.507 ±0.008 d 12 58 19 ±3.4 s -24 10 10 ±46″ 11.63 T
42 2025 10 01.513 ±0.008 d 12 58 17 ±3.4 s -24 10 05 ±46″ 11.63 T
43 2025 10 01.519 ±0.008 d 12 58 14 ±3.4 s -24 10 01 ±46″ 11.63 T
44 2025 10 01.526 ±0.008 d 12 58 11 ±3.4 s -24 09 57 ±46″ 11.63 T
45 2025 10 01.532 ±0.008 d 12 58 08 ±3.4 s -24 09 53 ±46″ 11.63 T
46 2025 10 01.538 ±0.008 d 12 58 05 ±3.4 s -24 09 49 ±46″ 11.63 T
47 2025 10 01.545 ±0.008 d 12 58 02 ±3.4 s -24 09 45 ±46″ 11.63 T
48 2025 10 01.551 ±0.008 d 12 57 59 ±3.4 s -24 09 41 ±46″ 11.63 T
49 2025 10 01.557 ±0.008 d 12 57 56 ±3.4 s -24 09 36 ±46″ 11.63 T
50 2025 10 01.564 ±0.008 d 12 57 53 ±3.4 s -24 09 32 ±46″ 11.63 T
51 2025 10 01.570 ±0.008 d 12 57 50 ±3.4 s -24 09 28 ±46″ 11.63 T
52 2025 10 01.576 ±0.008 d 12 57 47 ±3.4 s -24 09 24 ±46″ 11.63 T
53 2025 10 01.583 ±0.008 d 12 57 45 ±3.4 s -24 09 20 ±46″ 11.63 T
54 2025 10 01.589 ±0.008 d 12 57 42 ±3.4 s -24 09 16 ±46″ 11.63 T
55 2025 10 01.595 ±0.008 d 12 57 39 ±3.4 s -24 09 11 ±46″ 11.63 T
56 2025 10 01.602 ±0.008 d 12 57 36 ±3.4 s -24 09 07 ±46″ 11.63 T
57 2025 10 01.608 ±0.008 d 12 57 33 ±3.4 s -24 09 03 ±46″ 11.63 T

Spacecraft-vector checkpoints

Frame Date UTC x AU y AU z AU Mag
1 2025-10-01T06:04:12.758502Z -0.56622096 -0.18444554 -0.02433321 11.63 T
29 2025-10-01T10:19:53.557487Z -0.56313860 -0.18360594 -0.02272695 11.63 T
57 2025-10-01T14:35:34.356473Z -0.56009637 -0.18275894 -0.02112402 11.63 T

Complete 114-line preview

    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.253   13 00 16    -24 12 52             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.253   2 -0.56622096 -0.18444554 -0.02433321        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.259   13 00 13    -24 12 48             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.259   2 -0.56611018 -0.18441568 -0.02427579        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.266   13 00 10    -24 12 44             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.266   2 -0.56599945 -0.18438582 -0.02421837        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.272   13 00 07    -24 12 40             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.272   2 -0.56588878 -0.18435595 -0.02416096        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.278   13 00 04    -24 12 36             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.278   2 -0.56577815 -0.18432607 -0.02410355        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.285   13 00 01    -24 12 32             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.285   2 -0.56566758 -0.18429617 -0.02404614        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.291   12 59 58    -24 12 28             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.291   2 -0.56555705 -0.18426627 -0.02398874        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.297   12 59 55    -24 12 24             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.297   2 -0.56544658 -0.18423636 -0.02393134        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.304   12 59 52    -24 12 20             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.304   2 -0.56533616 -0.18420644 -0.02387395        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.310   12 59 49    -24 12 16             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.310   2 -0.56522580 -0.18417650 -0.02381656        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.316   12 59 47    -24 12 12             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.316   2 -0.56511548 -0.18414656 -0.02375917        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.323   12 59 44    -24 12 08             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.323   2 -0.56500522 -0.18411661 -0.02370179        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.329   12 59 41    -24 12 04             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.329   2 -0.56489500 -0.18408665 -0.02364442        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.335   12 59 38    -24 12 00             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.335   2 -0.56478484 -0.18405668 -0.02358704        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.342   12 59 35    -24 11 56             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.342   2 -0.56467473 -0.18402670 -0.02352967        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.348   12 59 32    -24 11 52             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.348   2 -0.56456468 -0.18399670 -0.02347231        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.354   12 59 29    -24 11 48             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.354   2 -0.56445467 -0.18396670 -0.02341495        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.361   12 59 26    -24 11 44             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.361   2 -0.56434471 -0.18393669 -0.02335759        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.367   12 59 23    -24 11 40             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.367   2 -0.56423481 -0.18390667 -0.02330024        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.373   12 59 20    -24 11 36             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.373   2 -0.56412496 -0.18387664 -0.02324289        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.380   12 59 18    -24 11 32             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.380   2 -0.56401516 -0.18384660 -0.02318555        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.386   12 59 15    -24 11 28             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.386   2 -0.56390541 -0.18381655 -0.02312821        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.392   12 59 12    -24 11 23             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.392   2 -0.56379571 -0.18378650 -0.02307087        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.399   12 59 09    -24 11 19             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.399   2 -0.56368606 -0.18375643 -0.02301354        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.405   12 59 06    -24 11 15             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.405   2 -0.56357647 -0.18372635 -0.02295621        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.411   12 59 03    -24 11 11             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.411   2 -0.56346692 -0.18369626 -0.02289889        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.418   12 59 00    -24 11 07             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.418   2 -0.56335743 -0.18366616 -0.02284157        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.424   12 58 57    -24 11 03             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.424   2 -0.56324799 -0.18363606 -0.02278426        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.430   12 58 54    -24 10 59             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.430   2 -0.56313860 -0.18360594 -0.02272695        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.437   12 58 51    -24 10 55             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.437   2 -0.56302926 -0.18357582 -0.02266964        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.443   12 58 48    -24 10 51             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.443   2 -0.56291997 -0.18354568 -0.02261234        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.450   12 58 46    -24 10 47             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.450   2 -0.56281074 -0.18351554 -0.02255504        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.456   12 58 43    -24 10 43             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.456   2 -0.56270155 -0.18348538 -0.02249775        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.462   12 58 40    -24 10 38             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.462   2 -0.56259241 -0.18345522 -0.02244046        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.469   12 58 37    -24 10 34             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.469   2 -0.56248333 -0.18342505 -0.02238317        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.475   12 58 34    -24 10 30             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.475   2 -0.56237430 -0.18339487 -0.02232589        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.481   12 58 31    -24 10 26             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.481   2 -0.56226532 -0.18336467 -0.02226862        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.488   12 58 28    -24 10 22             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.488   2 -0.56215639 -0.18333447 -0.02221134        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.494   12 58 25    -24 10 18             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.494   2 -0.56204751 -0.18330426 -0.02215408        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.500   12 58 22    -24 10 14             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.500   2 -0.56193868 -0.18327405 -0.02209681        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.507   12 58 19    -24 10 10             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.507   2 -0.56182990 -0.18324382 -0.02203956        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.513   12 58 17    -24 10 05             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.513   2 -0.56172117 -0.18321358 -0.02198230        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.519   12 58 14    -24 10 01             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.519   2 -0.56161250 -0.18318333 -0.02192505        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.526   12 58 11    -24 09 57             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.526   2 -0.56150387 -0.18315308 -0.02186781        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.532   12 58 08    -24 09 53             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.532   2 -0.56139530 -0.18312281 -0.02181056        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.538   12 58 05    -24 09 49             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.538   2 -0.56128678 -0.18309254 -0.02175333        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.545   12 58 02    -24 09 45             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.545   2 -0.56117831 -0.18306226 -0.02169610        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.551   12 57 59    -24 09 41             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.551   2 -0.56106988 -0.18303197 -0.02163887        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.557   12 57 56    -24 09 36             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.557   2 -0.56096151 -0.18300167 -0.02158165        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.564   12 57 53    -24 09 32             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.564   2 -0.56085319 -0.18297136 -0.02152443        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.570   12 57 50    -24 09 28             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.570   2 -0.56074492 -0.18294104 -0.02146721        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.576   12 57 47    -24 09 24             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.576   2 -0.56063671 -0.18291071 -0.02141000        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.583   12 57 45    -24 09 20             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.583   2 -0.56052854 -0.18288037 -0.02135280        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.589   12 57 42    -24 09 16             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.589   2 -0.56042042 -0.18285003 -0.02129560        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.595   12 57 39    -24 09 11             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.595   2 -0.56031235 -0.18281967 -0.02123840        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.602   12 57 36    -24 09 07             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.602   2 -0.56020434 -0.18278931 -0.02118121        XXX
    CK25K010  S2025 10 01.608   12 57 33    -24 09 03             11.6T      XXX
    CK25K010  s2025 10 01.608   2 -0.56009637 -0.18275894 -0.02112402        XXX

Complete matched-star table

All 272 accepted matches are present. Click a header to sort. RA is sexagesimal throughout the visible catalogue.

Show catalogue and residual table
Gaia DR3 source RA h:m:s Dec d:m:s G mag BP−RP Class Teff K Calibrated G Residual mag
3495820568233709952 12:51:57.8 -26:44:17 6.089 0.360 F — 7.629 1.540
6193405173693525120 13:21:04.7 -24:28:13 6.109 2.097 M — 7.940 1.832
3504044296734002176 13:08:39.2 -23:06:24 6.379 1.268 K 4614 8.164 1.785
6186776492967556480 13:11:39.1 -26:33:06 6.472 0.267 A — 7.629 1.157
6194297015062448640 13:20:45.2 -23:45:49 6.480 1.818 M — 7.762 1.282
3497596142073519360 12:55:10.8 -24:57:20 6.734 1.605 M — 8.148 1.414
6194061582135430656 13:14:55.2 -23:51:08 7.009 2.025 K 4850 7.656 0.647
3497407502814190592 12:52:44.3 -26:00:12 7.184 4.337 M — 7.193 0.009
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3498086558619015040 13:02:45.5 -23:58:13 11.162 0.546 F 6563 10.522 -0.640
6194508499251953792 13:14:08.0 -23:23:25 11.163 0.891 G 5912 11.364 0.201
6187897750014564608 13:05:08.3 -25:18:49 11.171 1.422 K — 10.763 -0.408
6187377234338065024 13:02:15.9 -26:06:13 11.174 0.741 G — 11.087 -0.087
6185791223173871616 13:05:59.6 -29:15:42 11.181 0.683 G — 11.046 -0.134
3503805633991194496 13:07:28.4 -24:27:20 11.204 0.803 G 5709 10.879 -0.325
6193608067948522368 13:12:51.8 -25:23:21 11.208 1.280 K — 10.993 -0.215
6192921319857885056 13:20:25.7 -25:17:37 11.231 0.758 F 6170 10.906 -0.325
3497685443033252608 13:00:27.4 -25:24:01 11.242 1.171 G 5231 12.084 0.842
6186045867490900736 13:06:01.0 -28:18:46 11.256 0.764 G — 11.114 -0.142
6186967979789365120 13:04:51.4 -27:42:32 11.260 1.079 K — 10.491 -0.769
6194480530425036160 13:16:31.4 -23:13:29 11.264 0.799 F 6368 10.654 -0.609
6186771957482014080 13:10:31.6 -26:39:32 11.273 1.196 K 4914 11.210 -0.063
6186937640140530816 13:02:47.2 -27:38:48 11.279 1.140 K 4764 11.582 0.303
6187038516036259456 13:03:21.3 -27:22:52 11.286 0.890 G 5635 11.672 0.387
3497778798442390272 13:04:47.4 -24:47:11 11.287 0.751 G — 10.910 -0.377
6186632315209253504 13:07:31.0 -27:16:43 11.312 1.269 K 4706 11.328 0.016
6193910845963075712 13:10:48.0 -24:43:02 11.319 0.902 G 5744 10.591 -0.728
6187667200465269120 13:05:14.8 -26:28:04 11.322 1.496 K 4392 11.134 -0.188
6192865279124558976 13:16:24.9 -25:29:45 11.325 1.146 K — 11.156 -0.169
3498985237576032384 12:58:54.9 -23:10:15 11.360 0.957 G 5716 11.202 -0.158
6192789103584546688 13:16:27.7 -25:55:44 11.376 0.879 G 5451 11.269 -0.107
6194103599800332800 13:13:11.8 -23:54:40 11.411 1.483 K — 12.148 0.738
6186790232566805120 13:12:55.3 -26:25:36 11.430 0.711 F 6036 10.759 -0.671
6193834975364649856 13:16:15.9 -24:20:47 11.438 0.813 G 5661 11.765 0.326
6187842916167124352 13:09:07.8 -25:28:43 11.455 1.894 K 4611 11.099 -0.355
6186870599996103168 13:04:02.5 -27:56:02 11.459 0.774 G 5878 10.831 -0.628
6185867467433558528 13:10:00.2 -28:45:35 11.466 1.156 K 4861 11.834 0.368
6187536732243763456 13:11:23.3 -26:13:42 11.475 0.773 G — 10.835 -0.639
3504047217311885312 13:10:20.0 -23:16:09 11.475 0.754 G — 11.087 -0.388
6186755391792121216 13:11:08.2 -26:47:20 11.476 1.766 K 4144 11.856 0.380
3498991113091319808 12:59:47.4 -23:01:12 11.492 1.216 K 4908 11.669 0.178
6185853276861242496 13:09:45.0 -29:03:22 11.541 0.873 G 5771 11.778 0.237
6186197801957877120 13:07:14.6 -28:00:05 11.554 0.731 G 5975 11.018 -0.536
6185861420119609728 13:10:22.3 -28:55:37 11.556 0.777 F 6154 11.360 -0.196
6184563446642813312 13:02:16.2 -28:45:57 11.558 0.774 G 5934 10.970 -0.588
6187886033343782016 13:06:44.3 -25:20:51 11.559 1.354 K — 11.103 -0.457
6186883867150080896 13:03:38.0 -27:50:01 11.572 1.333 K — 12.003 0.431
6186692238593006592 13:14:03.3 -26:54:25 11.582 0.702 F 6173 11.534 -0.048
3499000699458319360 12:58:51.6 -23:00:10 11.588 1.411 K 4614 11.448 -0.140
3495582657109265664 12:52:27.2 -27:13:00 11.589 1.115 G 5826 11.569 -0.020
6192769278015488640 13:17:48.1 -26:05:52 11.598 1.255 K — 11.299 -0.298
6187548208395220224 13:09:28.7 -26:13:58 11.605 0.848 G 5900 11.528 -0.077
6187821647488961408 13:08:02.2 -25:33:40 11.606 0.894 G — 11.866 0.260
6186263119820627328 13:12:50.1 -28:26:28 11.619 1.365 K 4741 11.618 -0.000
3498154625260740608 13:00:58.5 -23:44:01 11.620 1.209 K — 10.927 -0.693
6187159496675768704 12:59:32.6 -27:16:57 11.623 0.824 G 5948 11.601 -0.022
6192832873595375360 13:14:23.7 -25:47:01 11.651 0.768 F 6137 11.214 -0.437
3498054015650903808 13:00:48.5 -24:16:15 11.685 0.904 G 5889 12.189 0.504
3498816801842661888 12:55:38.9 -23:57:42 11.691 0.994 G 5379 11.768 0.078
6194077799931915904 13:12:33.1 -24:01:56 11.693 0.984 G 5741 10.897 -0.796
3497805216785902464 13:05:27.2 -24:37:43 11.699 1.126 G 5442 11.151 -0.548
3495803731961773184 12:50:05.8 -26:49:49 11.744 0.857 G — 11.581 -0.163
6187600267694811264 13:08:41.1 -26:03:45 11.752 0.687 F 6237 11.115 -0.637
3504198945621502720 13:05:44.3 -23:01:03 11.794 0.993 K — 11.557 -0.237
6185735800915906688 13:08:28.5 -29:25:19 11.854 0.991 G 5249 11.378 -0.476
3495882828079552512 12:49:25.6 -26:20:01 12.103 0.716 F 6331 11.541 -0.561

Preliminary orbit determination from the positions

A six-component heliocentric ICRF state vector was differentially fitted to all 57 measured RA/Dec positions and the corresponding Solar Orbiter positions. Two-body solar gravity propagates the state across the complete 8.523 h arc. The fit was initialized with the identified C/2025 K1 JPL solution.

57 positions used
8.523 h observed arc
0.016″ internal radial RMS
0.039″ maximum O−C

Osculating elements at 2025-10-01T10:19:53.557487Z

Orbit type hyperbolic
Semimajor axis a -0.306456 AU
Eccentricity e 1.6037735
Perihelion distance q 0.185030 AU
Inclination i 137.19423°
Ascending node Ω 105.23080°
Argument of perihelion ω 336.19223°
True anomaly ν 273.01106°
Orbit fit and residuals from all 57 measured positions

Short-arc limitation: The 8.5-hour angular arc is ill-conditioned for an independent heliocentric orbit. The solution is a JPL-seeded local differential fit and must not be treated as a new definitive orbit. The sub-arcsecond internal residual describes how smoothly the fitted state follows the measured track; it is not the external orbital accuracy. The individual astrometric uncertainty remains about 46″.

Download complete orbit-fit JSON

Inverse spacecraft orbit from the comet sight lines

Each measured comet direction defines an infinite three-dimensional line through the known, light-time-corrected C/2025 K1 position. Assuming the reconstructed constant cadence of 547.886 s, the inversion fitted the spacecraft's middle-epoch comet range and range-rate. A solar two-body orbit was then required to pass as closely as possible to all 57 sight lines.

The inversion used 144 starting combinations. Official Solar Orbiter coordinates were excluded from the fit and queried only afterwards for comparison. It found 2 distinct bound solutions, both statistically indistinguishable at the approximately 46″ external astrometric precision.

47.8 km best line-fit RMS
23959 km official-orbit line RMS
8.170 million km position difference
51.56 km/s velocity difference
Comparison of the inverse sight-line spacecraft orbit with the official JPL Solar Orbiter orbit

Best-fit versus official osculating orbit

Element Inverse line fit JPL Solar Orbiter Difference
Semimajor axis a 0.258777 AU 0.597089 AU -0.338312 AU
Eccentricity e 0.807624 0.507285 0.300338
Perihelion distance q 0.049783 AU 0.294194 AU —
Inclination i 19.7515° 34.2554° -14.5039°

All distinct bound solutions from the 144 starts

Solution Comet range AU Range rate AU/d Line RMS km a AU e i
1 0.656796 -0.001647 47.8 0.258777 0.807624 19.7514°
2 0.050000 -0.005562 244.2 1.372186 0.773332 136.8337°

Result: The formally best line-fit orbit does not recover the official Solar Orbiter orbit. Its middle-epoch position differs by 8.170 million km and its velocity by 51.56 km/s. This does not reject the official orbit: the official trajectory misses the measured lines by 46.35″, essentially the independently estimated 46.4″ video-position uncertainty. The 0.10″ mathematical optimum instead overfits the extremely smooth, short track.

Independence limit: The source-image times were themselves reconstructed earlier by matching the comet track with Solar Orbiter as the observer. The inverse comparison therefore contains circular information and is an experiment, not an independent spacecraft orbit determination. A substantially longer arc or independently timestamped observations would be needed to recover the spacecraft range and velocity reliably.

Download inverse spacecraft-orbit report

Data and reproducibility

OBS80 coordinate preview with spacecraft lines and magnitudes · Object astrometry CSV with uncertainties, magnitudes and vectors · All 57 Horizons comet magnitudes · All 57 geocentric ICRF Solar Orbiter vectors · Inverse spacecraft-orbit report · Matched stars CSV · SIMBAD bright stars CSV · Astrometry/photometry JSON · Comet identification JSON · Solar Orbiter trajectory CSV · nova WCS FITS

Sources: nova.astrometry.net submission, Gaia DR3, SIMBAD, JPL Horizons API, JPL SBDB Query API, and the official MPC1992/OBS80 specification.